Transparent materials themselves appear clear, which is why you can clearly see any object behind a transparent material. Materials that let all or most of the light pass through are called transparent (Figure 1, right). When a material transmits light, it allows light to pass through. Materials can transmit, absorb, scatter, or reflect light. These classifications are based on how the materials interact with light that shines on them. We can categorize materials by their appearance, like transparent, translucent, or opaque dark or light colored glossy or matte finish, etc. This lesson focuses on these aspects of NGSS Three Dimensional Learning: Plan and conduct investigations to determine the effect of placing objects made with different materials in the path of a beam of light. This lesson helps students prepare for these Next Generation Science Standards Performance Expectations:
Conduct an investigation to find out if a material is translucent, transparent, or opaque.Explain the difference between translucent, transparent, and opaque materials.End the lesson with discussion over a video call during the Reflect section. A set of materials can be prepared in advance or students can use materials found around the house. The Engage section of the lesson can be done over a video call, then students can work individually and independently during the Explore section, using the Student Worksheet as a guide. This lesson plan can be conducted remotely. In doing that, students will realize that different materials allow different amounts of light to pass through. They will place a variety of materials in front of an illuminated object and predict if and how well they will be able to see the object through the material sheet. In this lesson, students explore firsthand what transparent, translucent, and opaque mean, and how they are related to light.
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